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Total 3593 results found since Jan 2013.

Nigeria: HIV Vaccine Search Lags After Plans
[Daily Trust]Nearly a year after Nigeria launched its revised plans for HIV vaccine, it is yet to come up with a potential candidate vaccine, experts say.
Source: AllAfrica News: HIV-Aids and STDs - August 22, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: news

Kill: boosting HIV-specific immune responses
Purpose of review: Increasing evidence suggests that purging the latent HIV reservoir in virally suppressed individuals will require both the induction of viral replication from its latent state and the elimination of these reactivated HIV-infected cells (‘Shock and Kill’ strategy). Boosting potent HIV-specific CD8+ T cells is a promising way to achieve an HIV cure. Recent findings: Recent studies provided the rationale for developing immune interventions to increase the numbers, function and location of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells to purge HIV reservoirs. Multiple approaches are being evaluated including very early sup...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - June 4, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: STRATEGIES FOR TARGETING RESIDUAL HIV INFECTION: Edited by Matthieu Perreau and Nicolas Chomont Source Type: research

Therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine: time for immunomodulation and combinatorial strategies
Purpose of review The purpose is to recall some of the key immunological elements that are at the crossroad and need to be combined for developing a potent therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine. Recent findings Therapeutic vaccines and cytokines have been commonly used to enhance and/or recall preexisting HIV-1 specific cell-mediated immune responses aiming to suppress virus replication. While the vaccine is important to stimulate HIV-1 specific T-cell responses, the cytokine may support the expansion of the stimulated virus-specific T cells. Moreover, the current success of immune checkpoint blockers in cancer therapy render the...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

Prospects for a vaccine to prevent HIV-related tuberculosis
Purpose of review To outline the need for a new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine; challenges for induction of vaccine-mediated protection in HIV-infected persons; and recent advances in clinical development. Recent findings HIV has a detrimental effect on T-cell function, polarization and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-specific T cells, Mtb antigen presentation by dendritic cells, and leads to B-cell and antibody-response deficiencies. Previous observations of protection against TB disease in HIV-infected persons by Mycobacterium obuense suggest that an effective vaccine against HIV-related TB is feasibl...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - October 9, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: TUBERCULOSIS AND HIV: Edited by Richard E. Chaisson and Haileyesus Getahun Source Type: research

Clinical and evolutionary consequences of HIV adaptation to HLA: implications for vaccine and cure
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of HIV adaptation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated immune pressures and its relevance to HIV prevention and cure research. Recent findings Recent research has confirmed that HLA is a major driver of individual and population-level HIV evolution, that HIV strains are adapting to the immunogenetic profiles of the different human ethnic groups in which they circulate, and that HIV adaptation has substantial clinical and immunologic consequences. As such, adaptation represents a major challenge to HIV prevention an...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 6, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: PHYLOGENETICS IN HIV TRANSMISSION: Edited by Morgane Rolland and Josh Herbeck Source Type: research

Recent Advances on the Use of Structural Biology for the Design of Novel Envelope Immunogens of HIV-1.
Abstract Many efforts have been made in the worldwide quest for a prophylactic HIV vaccine to end the AIDS pandemic, but none has yet succeeded. The lessons learned have repeatedly informed us that the traditional or conventional approaches directly using the pathogens or subunits will not be sufficient for an effective HIV/AIDS vaccine. Recent advances in structure-based technology have shown some promise in the quest for a better immunogen in HIV vaccine development. According to the basic binding structural relationship of an antigen and an antibody, structure-based antigen design could bring some hope for the ...
Source: Current HIV Research - September 10, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shi-Hua X Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

On the Evolution of AIDS/HIV Treatment: An Optimal Control Approach.
Abstract After more than 30 years of continuous research as well as unselfish efforts, tremendous and exciting developments have been achieved towards the evolution of HIV treatments both in the directions of antiretroviral therapy and effective vaccine for HIV positive patients. Recent research shows that triple-drug antiretroviral therapy can 'functionally cure' [1, 2] the HIV positive patients, which is a milestone in the therapeutic treatments of AIDS. Despite the significant progress on the evolution of AIDS/HIV treatments, it is still a curse for the humanity and until today the world's most serious epidemic...
Source: Current HIV Research - July 23, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Biswas HA Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

The Early Bird Catches the Worm - Can Evolution Teach us Lessons in Fighting HIV?
CONCLUSION: Future drug development, improvement of existing drugs acting in the earliest stages of the HIV-1 replication cycle as well as specifically targeting interactions of viral components with host cell factors required for HIV-1 infection will likely advance current therapy strategies. PMID: 26957195 [PubMed - in process]
Source: Current HIV Research - March 11, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Schaller T, Herold N Tags: Curr HIV Res Source Type: research

Dually Active HIV/HBV Antiretrovirals as Protection Against Incident Hepatitis B Infections: Potential for Prophylaxis
Conclusions. Our study suggests that DAART, independently of CD4 cell count and risky behavior, has a potentially strong public health impact, including pre-exposure prophylaxis of HBV coinfection in the HIV infected.
Source: The Journal of Infectious Diseases - July 20, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shilaih, M., Marzel, A., Scherrer, A. U., Braun, D. L., Kovari, H., Rougemont, M., Darling, K., Battegay, M., Hoffmann, M., Bernasconi, E., Hirzel, C., Günthard, H. F., Kouyos, R. D., The Swiss HIV Cohort Study, The Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Remy, R Tags: HIV/AIDS Source Type: research

B-cell abnormalities and impact on antibody response in HIV infection
Purpose of review: The purpose of the present review is to provide an update on the current development in the field of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNabs) and their potential use in the prevention and therapeutic settings, and an evaluation of the B-cell abnormalities that may impair antibody responses in HIV infection. Recent findings: Major advances have been achieved in the characterization of bNabs directed against different vulnerable regions of HIV Envelope (Env). Recent observations have clearly demonstrated the ability of bNabs to prevent HIV infection in the nonhuman primate model of HIV infection and to sup...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research

How HIV-1 entry mechanism and broadly neutralizing antibodies guide structure-based vaccine design
Purpose of review: An HIV-1 vaccine that elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains to be developed. Here, we review how knowledge of bNAbs and HIV-1 entry mechanism is guiding the structure-based design of vaccine immunogens and immunization regimens. Recent findings: Isolation of bNAbs from HIV-1-infected donors has led to an unprecedented understanding of the sites of vulnerability that these antibodies target on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) as well as of the immunological pathways that these antibody lineages follow to develop broad and potent neutralization. Sites of vulnerability, however, reside in the con...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research

Intrastructural help: improving the HIV-1 envelope antibody response induced by virus-like particle vaccines
Purpose of review: The importance of IgG Fc-effector functions for the efficacy of HIV vaccines is increasingly recognized. Although different types of vaccines were shown to induce antibodies with different Fc-activities, there is no clear strategy how to raise antibody responses with a desired pattern of Fc-effector functions. Given the central role of T-helper cells in regulating the germinal center reaction and the differentiation of B cells in an antigen-specific manner, the review will discuss whether T-helper cells directed against non-HIV envelope (Env) antigens could be harnessed to improve the HIV-Env antibody re...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research

Progress in HIV-1 antibody research using humanized mice
Purpose of review: Recent discoveries of highly potent broadly HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies provide new opportunities to successfully prevent, treat, and potentially cure HIV-1 infection. To test their activity in vivo, humanized mice have been shown to be a powerful model and were used to investigate antibody-mediated prevention and therapy approaches. In this review, we will summarize recent findings in humanized mice that have informed on the potential use of broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting HIV-1 in humans. Recent findings: Humanized mouse models have been used to demonstrate the antiviral efficacy of HIV-1 ...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - April 20, 2017 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HIV AND NOVEL STRATEGIES FOR INDUCTION OF BROAD NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING VACCINATION: Edited by Ralf Wagner Source Type: research

Neutralization tiers of HIV-1
We present a model based on the dynamic nature of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins and its impact on epitope exposure. We also describe a new approach for ranking HIV-1 vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses. Recent findings The unliganded trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein spike spontaneously transitions through at least three conformations. Neutralization tier phenotypes correspond to the frequency by which the trimer exists in a closed (tiers 2 and 3), open (tier 1A), or intermediate (tier 1B) conformation. An increasing number of epitopes become exposed as the trimer opens, making the virus more sensitiv...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research

Anti-HIV-1 antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: is there more to antibodies than neutralization?
Purpose of review An increasing body of evidence suggests that nonneutralizing Fc effector functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) contribute to protection against HIV-1 acquisition. We discuss recent advances in anti-HIV-1 ADCC research with a particular focus on ADCC mediated by Env-specific antibodies in vitro and in vivo, the curative potential of HIV-1-specific ADCC antibodies and the mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to ADCC. Recent findings ADCC activities of broadly neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibody panels were recently characterized in vitro against several lab-adap...
Source: Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS - February 7, 2018 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: HOTTEST TOPICS IN HIV INFECTION: Edited by Giuseppe Pantaleo and David A. Cooper Source Type: research